{"id":1099,"date":"2024-07-23T10:38:21","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T08:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcsb-fr\/?page_id=1099"},"modified":"2026-07-24T10:23:09","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T08:23:09","slug":"ecosysteme-microbien","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcsb-fr\/recherche\/recherche-animale\/exemples-projets-recherche\/ecosysteme-microbien\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me microbien de notre appareil digestif influence notre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 et de maladie"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section py-0 static\">\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><!-- SecondaryNavigationMirror --><div class=\"js-secondary-nav--sticky wp-block-unilux-blocks-secondary-navigation\" id=\"079cacee-a280-4f42-8b0f-7a37a67d3516\">\n    <nav id=\"secondary-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Secondary menu\" class=\"secondary-nav\">\n        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class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"comment-lecosysteme-microbien-de-notre-appareil-digestif-influence-notre-etat-de-sante\"\n    >\nComment l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me microbien de notre appareil digestif influence notre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les bact\u00e9ries pr\u00e9sentes dans notre intestin peuvent-elles \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019origine des cancers ou m\u00eame des maladies neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives du cerveau ? Peuvent-elles d\u00e9terminer si nous sommes ob\u00e8ses ou maigres ? Et si c\u2019est le cas, comment pourrions-nous influencer des milliards de microorganismes qui vivent dans notre corps ? Le groupe Systems Ecology du LCSB cherche \u00e0 apporter des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces questions et \u00e0 d\u2019autres concernant le microbiote, la communaut\u00e9 de tous les organismes microbiens qui vivent dans et sur notre corps. Au total, plus de 1 500 esp\u00e8ces diff\u00e9rentes repr\u00e9sentent environ 1,5 kg de notre masse corporelle. Depuis cinq ans, cet \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me pr\u00e9sent dans notre corps a fait l\u2019objet de nombreuses \u00e9tudes en raison de son impact potentiellement consid\u00e9rable sur la sant\u00e9 humaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab Nous savons que l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre diff\u00e9rents types de microbes est important \u00bb, indique le professeur Paul Wilmes, qui dirige le groupe System Ecology du LCSB. \u00ab Toutefois, nous ne comprenons pas encore comment les perturbations de cet \u00e9quilibre, par exemple en raison d\u2019une plus grande abondance d\u2019un type de microbes, peuvent entra\u00eener diff\u00e9rentes maladies, telles que le cancer, les troubles du m\u00e9tabolisme ou m\u00eame la maladie de Parkinson. \u00bb Paul Wilmes et son \u00e9quipe ont donc entrepris d\u2019\u00e9tudier les interactions entre diff\u00e9rentes compositions microbiennes et les cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales de l\u2019intestin. Ils supposent que les changements susceptibles de d\u00e9clencher une maladie seront d\u2019abord visibles \u00e0 cette interface entre les microbes et leur h\u00f4te humain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En analysant des \u00e9chantillons de selles de volontaires, les chercheurs commencent par identifier les types de bact\u00e9ries pr\u00e9sents chez les sujets malades et en sains. Dans un deuxi\u00e8me temps, ils souhaitent \u00e9tudier l&rsquo;effet de ces diff\u00e9rences sur les cellules de l\u2019intestin et d\u00e9terminer si elles pourraient \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019origine des maladies. Comme les exp\u00e9riences sur des sujets humains seraient trop invasives pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions et que le microbiote intestinal des souris est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent de celui des humains, Wilmes et son \u00e9quipe ont mis au point un nouveau mod\u00e8le in vitro, appel\u00e9 HuMiX. Ce dispositif microfluidique permet de cultiver des cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales de l\u2019intestin humain en pr\u00e9sence de communaut\u00e9s microbiennes. \u00ab Nous pouvons exposer les cellules humaines \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes compositions bact\u00e9riennes et observer les voies mol\u00e9culaires qu\u2019elles pourraient d\u00e9clencher dans l\u2019intestin et dans quelles conditions \u00bb, explique Wilmes. Les r\u00e9sultats pourraient contribuer au criblage des micro-organismes pour leurs effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques potentiels, tels que les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s anti-inflammatoires, qui pourraient ainsi influencer les maladies, telles que les allergies ou les troubles auto-immuns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e9cemment, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a fait passer HuMiX au niveau sup\u00e9rieur : MicroGUT est un mod\u00e8le in vitro de l\u2019ensemble du tractus gastro-intestinal humain. Diff\u00e9rentes unit\u00e9s, permettant de simuler chaque partie de l\u2019intestin, sont utilis\u00e9es pour \u00e9tudier les effets des bact\u00e9ries, des nutriments et des m\u00e9dicaments sur la physiologie humaine. \u00ab Nous pouvons l\u2019utiliser pour simuler certains processus dans les diff\u00e9rents segments du tractus gastro-intestinal, comme le catabolisme des m\u00e9dicaments dans le corps \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Wilmes. Les chercheurs ont maintenant l\u2019intention d\u2019utiliser MicroGUT pour \u00e9valuer la pharmacocin\u00e9tique sur une base individuelle sans avoir recours \u00e0 de mod\u00e8les animaux, et par la suite pour personnaliser de mani\u00e8re optimale la th\u00e9rapie m\u00e9dicamenteuse.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"parent":1078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"field-of-interest":[289],"organisation":[526,525],"authorship":[39,56],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - 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